Systems toxicology to advance human and environmental hazard assessment: A roadmap for advanced materials

Ideally, a Systems Toxicology (ST) approach is aimed at by (eco)toxicologists, i.e. multidisciplinary area incorporating classical toxicological concepts with omics technologies, and the understanding of this through computational data sciences, chemistry, mathematics, physics modelling. As outlined in several public reports (e.g. from ECHA-European Chemical Agency EFSA-European Food Safety Authority), way forward coming years Europe to integrate New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) (including technologies) into hazard hence risk assessment (RA). Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) describe sequence events response stress, molecular initiating event until an adverse outcome, which relevant RA or regulatory decision-making. AOPs are one facilitators mechanistic RA, but it urgent increase inclusion vast knowledge available, especially for novel smart advanced materials (AdMa) multifunctional characteristics. There still many challenges routine usage NAMs, e.g. omics-based information. Here, we summarise current state art ST, benefits human environmental health cross available methods output. The importance has been highlighted even more pressing context AdMa. Furthermore, outline suggest recommendations future implementation.